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- <text id=89TT3253>
- <link 89TT3198>
- <link 89TT0309>
- <title>
- Dec. 11, 1989: Anatomy Of A Purge
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Dec. 11, 1989 Building A New World
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- EAST-WEST, Page 44
- Anatomy of a Purge
- </hdr><body>
- <p>In an exclusive account of Jakes's ouster, TIME reveals how the
- Czechoslovak party chief double-crossed Gorbachev and lost
- </p>
- <p>By Kenneth W. Banta/Prague
- </p>
- <p> For Milos Jakes, the beginning of the end came early last
- summer. In a series of private exchanges between the
- Czechoslovak Communist Party leader and Mikhail Gorbachev and
- his advisers, the Soviet President made clear that his own
- internal situation demanded a repudiation of the 1968 invasion
- of Czechoslovakia. If Jakes, 67, did not want to be undercut by
- the Soviet move, he would have to act -- and act soon. An
- agreement between Moscow and Prague was struck. Come October,
- Jakes would convene a Central Committee meeting and expel all
- Politburo members tainted by the 1968 invasion -- except
- himself. After appointing a new team of his own choosing, Jakes
- would then rehabilitate the 460,000 Communist Party members he
- had personally ordered purged immediately after the invasion.
- </p>
- <p> There was only one problem: Jakes reneged on his agreement
- with Gorbachev. That extraordinary double cross began the
- unraveling of Jakes's two-year rule. Through a variety of
- sources, TIME has pieced together an account of the final days
- of the repressive Jakes regime. It is not a sympathetic tale;
- in the end, Jakes had only his own poor judgment, panic and
- stubbornness to blame.
- </p>
- <p> Jakes's humiliation within the party began on July 17, when
- a videocassette circulated among rank-and-file Communists that
- showed Jakes berating an assembly of provincial party chiefs for
- failing to implement his directives. With characteristic
- ineloquence, he scolded his underlings for leaving him "standing
- like a lonely stake in a fence." Says a Prague journalist:
- "Jakes was turning into a party joke."
- </p>
- <p> Not long after, agreement between Gorbachev and Jakes was
- reached on the plan for a Politburo purge. But October came and
- went with nothing done. In mid-November, hard-line ideology
- chief Jan Fojtik traveled on short notice to Moscow, where he
- met with Georgi Smirnov, chief of the Moscow Institute of
- Marxism-Leninism. Smirnov said that a document condemning the
- 1968 invasion had been approved by the Soviet Politburo, and he
- warned that with the Malta summit approaching, the document
- would soon be published.
- </p>
- <p> Before Jakes could fashion a response, events exploded. On
- Friday, Nov. 17, Prague riot police cracked down on student
- demonstrators. With his authority rapidly crumbling, Jakes
- launched a last-minute bid to crush the uprising. Advised by
- Czechoslovakia's military that it would take no part in a
- violent action against the populace, Jakes turned in desperation
- to the People's Militia, units composed mostly of factory
- workers that function in effect as the Communist Party's private
- army. Beginning Nov. 19, militia units were deployed at factory
- gates and inside industrial compounds around the country. Care
- was taken to ensure that each unit was deployed outside its own
- home region. However, the show of militia force served only to
- spark further protests.
- </p>
- <p> Even then, Jakes resisted internal party pressure to
- convene an emergency session of the Central Committee. "It
- wasn't just the Central Committee; it was the regional party
- officials who were shouting for it," says Antonin Mlady, a
- factory foreman and member of the newly formed Politburo.
- Finally the Politburo overruled Jakes and called a meeting. On
- Friday, Nov. 24, the session opened in an austere hall in the
- Stalinist-era Party Political University on the outskirts of
- Prague. There, Jakes tried one last tactic to save his job: he
- proposed a new law that would permit freedom of assembly, thus
- legalizing the demonstrations that had brought Prague and other
- cities to a standstill.
- </p>
- <p> But the 148-member Central Committee, by now painfully
- aware of the revolutionary spirit in the streets, responded by
- orchestrating an internal purge. The offensive was led by
- former Prime Minister Lubomir Strougal, 65, who was replaced
- last year by Ladislav Adamec, 63. Over the past six months,
- Strougal, who is still a member of the Central Committee, and
- Adamec had conspired to take advantage of just such a moment.
- They agreed that Adamec would publicly call for reform while
- Strougal used his influence within the Central Committee to oust
- Jakes and other hard-liners in the Politburo. Strougal rallied
- a core group of 20 moderates within the Central Committee to
- their cause. "In the main hall, everything looked calm," says
- a participant. "Behind doors all around it, people were
- negotiating like crazy, shouting and threatening."
- </p>
- <p> Through some eight hours of back-room combat, Strougal and
- his allies gradually broke down the resistance of Jakes
- holdouts, including trade-union representatives, while wooing
- the bloc from the Slovak republic, which was trying to boost its
- own influence. In exchange, the reformist camp had to make three
- concessions. They allowed two hard-liners, Prague party leader
- Miroslav Stepan and trade-union boss Miroslav Zavadil, to keep
- their Politburo seats. The five Slovak members of the Politburo
- also would retain their posts, including Jozef Lenart, despised
- for his collaboration with the Soviets in the post-invasion era.
- And no Strougal partisans would replace the ousted Politburo
- members. Hence the appointment of Karel Urbanek, a relative
- unknown, to the prime ministry. Presented with a fait accompli,
- Jakes reluctantly resigned, along with six of his Politburo
- allies.
- </p>
- <p> But Urbanek, it turned out, was a closet Strougal partisan
- determined to finish the housecleaning. In communication with
- Gorbachev, he pledged to carry out the party rehabilitations
- that Jakes had reneged on. Then Urbanek clinched a deal in which
- key figures among those expelled from the party 21 years ago
- refused to rejoin until the last hard-liners were thrown out of
- the Politburo. On Nov. 26 Urbanek reconvened the Central
- Committee and secured the resignations of Stepan, Zavadil and
- Lenart. The purge was complete.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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